The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (the Montreal Convention) was adopted in Montreal in 1999, and became effective in 2003. Over 100 states, plus all members of the European Union are party to the Convention. 

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It amended a number of the provisions of the Warsaw Rules of 1929, 1955 and 1975, maintaining the core provisions but updating compensation levels, particularly in the areas of compensation for victims of air disasters. Indeed, the Montreal Convention was brought about mainly to amend liabilities/compensation to families of those killed or injured on board aircraft.